Table Of Content
- These 8 bit machines had only a few registers; talk about register pressure! What I did was define a fixed set of addresses (on the 6800, 8 bytes down in page zero where they were easy to access) called the 'context' and made them part of the CPU state that the OS thread scheduler switched.
- In addition, the size of a 'long double' also varies by operating system. On Windows., the size is 8 bytes by default. On Linux or Mac OS X, 10 bytes are used for the representation of a long double, although the allocated size may be larger (12 bytes on IA-32 Linux; 16 bytes elsewhere).
Most likely, your input file uses a single-byte 8-bit encoding such as ISO-8859-1, frequently used to encode 'Western European' languages. Best free cad tool. Best free snipping tool for mac. High sierra on mid 2012 macbook pro. Quickbooks product number.
1- Overview of data types
Any programming language has a set of data types. Data types are basic, and quite similar for all languages. All data types are composed from bits, therefore, I dedicate a post to introduce the history of bits and bytes. My advice is that you should read it before continuing reading this post.
Java has two types of data types:- Primitive Types
- Reference Types
There are 8 primitive data types which are boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, double.
Data type | Default Value | Size |
---|---|---|
boolean | false | 1 bit |
char | 'u0000' | 2 byte |
byte | 0 | 1 byte |
short | 0 | 2 byte |
int | 0 | 4 byte |
long | 0L | 8 byte |
float | 0.0f | 4 byte |
double | 0.0d | 8 byte |
- Logic type: boolean.
- Integer types: byte, short, char, int, long.
- Real number type is also called floating point: float, double.
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Reference types, which are objects created by the constructor of classes.
2- byte
1 byte a byte is composed of 8 consecutive bits in the memory of computer. Each bit is a binary number of 0 or 1. Java uses 'byte' to name a integer type with small scope (Size: 1 byte).
The first bit in a row of 8 bits has value of 0 or 1.- If it is 0, Java considers it as + (Represent a positive number)
- If it is 1 Java considers it as - (Represent a negative number)
But wait, it is supposed to be [-128, 127], why?
Why is the smallest number of byte type in Java -128?
If the rules that the first bit has a value of 0 equivalent to +, the value of 1 equivalent to -, then we have two ways to represent 0 (see the illustration).
Therefore, the binary sequence of '1 0 0 0 0 0 0' should be considered as the smallest number of byte data type in Java. It represents -128.
3- boolean
boolean is the simplest data type. It has size of 1 bit. It has 2 values of true and false.
4- char
Although 'char' is the first four characters of the 'Character' term, the char type in Java is used to store non-negative integers with the two-byte size. It is also used to represent for a Unicode character because in nature, each character corresponds to a specific number. (This number is understood as the code of character.)
Because char is non-negative integer type, size: 2 bytes, its scope is [0, 2*16-1] ( [0, 65535] ).
When char is understood as a Unicode character, the smallest character is 'u0000' (Mã 0), and the largest character is 'uffff' (code: 65535).
- TODO
5- short
short is data type for the purpose of representing a two-byte integer (16 bits), including negative integer.
![Computer Computer](https://tinyapps.org/screenshots/0xed.png)
- The smallest value is -32,768 (-2^15) and the largest value is 32,767 (2^15 -1).
- Default value is 0.
** Note: See the explanation of the rule to determine the positive or negative number in the section of byte data type.
![Bit Bit](https://pronto-core-cdn.prontomarketing.com/2/wp-content/uploads/sites/1346/2019/01/Bit-and-Byte-Comparison.png)
- The smallest value is -32,768 (-2^15) and the largest value is 32,767 (2^15 -1).
- Default value is 0.
** Note: See the explanation of the rule to determine the positive or negative number in the section of byte data type.
6- int
int data type is used to represent an integer with the size of 4 bytes (32 bits).
- The smallest value: -2,147,483,648 (-2^31)
- The largest value: 2,147,483,647 (2^31 -1)
- Default value: 0.
In Java, the int data type is considered as default data type for integers. Therefore, if you write 100, Java will create a four- byte memory area for storage. And if you want Java to create an eight- byte memory area to store 100, you have to write 100L. (long is an eight-byte integer type, introduced in the following section).
7- long
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The long data type is used to represent integers with the size of 8 bytes (64 bits).
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- The smallest value is -9,223,372,036,854,775,808.(-2^63)
- The largest value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. (2^63 -1)
- This type is used when a value pattern wider than int is necessary.
- Default value is 0L.
8- float
float data type is used to represent a real number with the size of 4 bytes (32 bits).
- The smallest value: -3.4028235 x 10^38
- The largest value:: 3.4028235 x 10^38
- Default value: 0.0f
9- double
double data type is used to represent a real number with the size of 8 bytes (64 bits). It is the default type for real numbers.
- The smallest value: -1.7976931348623157 x 10^308
- The largest value: 1.7976931348623157 x 10^308
- Default value: 0.0d
10- Reference Types
Byte Vs Bits
In Java, a data type created by a combination of primitive types is called a reference type. The most commonly used reference type is the String, which is a combination of characters.
Reference types are created based on a class. The class is like a blueprint to define a reference type.